US 2000 Census
Tennessee - all persons AmInd
5041 Memphis/Shelby & contiguous counties
3045 West TN - all other counties
--------------------------------------------
8086
8055 Nashville/Davidson & contiguous counties
7164 Middle TN - all other counties
--------------------------------------------
15219
3778 Chattanooga/Hamilton & contiguous counties
6340 Knoxville/Knox & contiguous counties
5654 East TN - all other counties
--------------------------------------------
15772
39077 total
sábado, 30 de abril de 2005
purpose, traditionalism & sovereignty in TN "recognition"
Individual recognition as indian is traditionally the responsibility and authority of the indian tribe, not a non-indian state government of the United States.
The principle of tribal sovereignty means that the tribe is sovereign in determining its own affairs, including membership.
For one of the United States to "recognize" indians for no other purpose than to "recognize" them is, in effect, removing the authority of tribes to determine their own members and placing it within the jurisdiction of non-indians.
States have historically recognized tribes, and i see no conflict in the Indian Affairs Commission of Tennessee assuming the same authority that Massachusetts, Connecticut, Maine, North Carolina, Georgia, Alabama, and many others have assumed, most often with the blessing and authorization of other tribes. In these state tribal recognitions, the authority of recognizing individual indians has still rested with the tribes. But there is no other state among the other 49 that has assumed authority to determine who is indian, and to me it is a wrongful and dangerous precedent for Tennessee to assume this responsibility, especially in light of the embarrassingly little discussion about the meaning of recognition, and with no guidance from the tribes which should be considered our elders in this policy.
As an alternative, individual recognition as it's written in the 1990 rules being currently proposed for re-adoption should be criteria for tribes and organizations within the state to use and follow.
And it has always been the federal and states' governments' prerogatives to take censuses and create rolls of indian populations at various times -- the individual "recognition" criteria being proposed could be used for the creation of any such census rolls.
Additionally, recognition should be for some practical purpose. If there is no practical purpose, then there is no reason to adopt this policy or procedures.
;>
on proposed state recognition amendments 2000
The principle of tribal sovereignty means that the tribe is sovereign in determining its own affairs, including membership.
For one of the United States to "recognize" indians for no other purpose than to "recognize" them is, in effect, removing the authority of tribes to determine their own members and placing it within the jurisdiction of non-indians.
States have historically recognized tribes, and i see no conflict in the Indian Affairs Commission of Tennessee assuming the same authority that Massachusetts, Connecticut, Maine, North Carolina, Georgia, Alabama, and many others have assumed, most often with the blessing and authorization of other tribes. In these state tribal recognitions, the authority of recognizing individual indians has still rested with the tribes. But there is no other state among the other 49 that has assumed authority to determine who is indian, and to me it is a wrongful and dangerous precedent for Tennessee to assume this responsibility, especially in light of the embarrassingly little discussion about the meaning of recognition, and with no guidance from the tribes which should be considered our elders in this policy.
As an alternative, individual recognition as it's written in the 1990 rules being currently proposed for re-adoption should be criteria for tribes and organizations within the state to use and follow.
And it has always been the federal and states' governments' prerogatives to take censuses and create rolls of indian populations at various times -- the individual "recognition" criteria being proposed could be used for the creation of any such census rolls.
Additionally, recognition should be for some practical purpose. If there is no practical purpose, then there is no reason to adopt this policy or procedures.
;>
on proposed state recognition amendments 2000
viernes, 29 de abril de 2005
i-b woodpecker should be NA TN's state symbol
Long before indians around here started identifying with the USA bald eagle, the two birds of highest human respect were the woodpecker and the falcon.
Now that the ivory-billed woodpecker has been re-discovered west of here, it's time native americans of this area re-discover the relationship between this land, the indigenous people who lived here, and the indigenous symbol of this area, the woodpecker, and work to encourage the ivory-billed woodpecker to come home to Tennessee.
;>
COX MOUND GORGET
The Cox Mound, or Woodpecker, gorget style is a particularly beautiful and enduring symbol of Tennessee's prehistoric inhabitants. A gorget was a pendant, or personal adornment, worn around the neck as a badge of rank or insignia of status and was thought to be symbolic of both earthly and supernatural powers. A variety of gorget styles, or designs, are known. As a class of artistic expression, this type of artifact falls within the Southeastern Ceremonial Complex, formerly known as the Southern Cult.
Just over thirty Cox Mound-style gorgets have been found since the late nineteenth century, primarily from prehistoric Mississippian stone box graves and villages along the lower Tennessee, Cumberland, Duck, Harpeth, and Buffalo Rivers of Middle Tennessee, and the middle Tennessee River valley of northern Alabama. As a result of the frequent mortuary association of Cox Mound gorgets with certain pottery types, namely Matthews Incised, as well as other artifacts, it has been postulated that Cox Mound gorgets date to the period A.D. 1250-1450. One rich grave from the famous burial mound at the Castalian Springs site in Sumner County produced two Cox Mound gorgets.
Typically, Cox Mound gorgets were manufactured on exotic marine shell and were white in color. Other materials, such as black slate in Putnam County and human skull fragments in Hardin County, were used rarely. Engraving the intricate design on the hard shell or slate without metal tools took many hours of skilled labor and is thought to have been a winter activity.
A Cox Mound gorget has three important iconographic elements. In the center is a cross inside a rayed circle or sun motif. The cross is symbolic of the sacred, or council, fire. The sun represents the sky deity and/or mythical ancestors. Surrounding the cross and sun is a scroll-like design element known as the looped square. This feature may represent wind, or possibly the litter on which subordinates carried a chief. Typically the looped square is composed of four lines, but in some cases only three lines are used. Four crested bird heads, which most scholars interpret as woodpeckers, are found on the outer edge. The woodpecker heads always are oriented in a counterclockwise direction, suggestive of the prehistoric Native American swastika.
The woodpecker, like the falcon, was probably a symbol of war to the prehistoric Mississippian Indians. The war symbolism of the bird probably derived from the red head of the bird, which resembled a bloodied scalping victim. The Cherokees associated the red-headed woodpecker with danger and war, and the woodpecker was always invoked for aid by the ball game players. The bird's pecking is similar to an Indian warrior striking the war post at the Victory dance. For the Cherokees, the color red is associated with male attractiveness and fertility, as well as bravery and war. Groups of woodpeckers are thought to be a sign of war to the Creeks and Seminoles. While war is typically associated with males in Native American society, it is important to note that Cox Mound gorgets have been found in both male and female burials.
Other interpretations include the identification of the four woodpeckers as the four thunders at the world quarters, and a folklorist has speculated recently that the Cox Mound gorget style is a prehistoric expression of the Yuchi myth of the Winds. Cox Mound gorgets are displayed by the Tennessee State Museum and Pinson Mounds State Archaeological Area.
C. Andrew Buchner, PanAmerican Consultants, Inc.
Suggested Reading(s): C. Andrew Buchner and Mitchell R. Childress, "A Southeastern Ceremonial Complex Gorget from Putnam County, Tennessee," Tennessee Anthropological Association Newsletter 16.6 (1991): 1-4; Madeline Kneberg, "Engraved Shell Gorgets and Their Associations." Tennessee Archaeologist 15.1 (1959): 1-39.
See Also: MISSISSIPPIAN CULTURE; PINSON MOUNDS; PREHISTORIC NATIVE AMERICAN ART; TENNESSEE STATE MUSEUM
Now that the ivory-billed woodpecker has been re-discovered west of here, it's time native americans of this area re-discover the relationship between this land, the indigenous people who lived here, and the indigenous symbol of this area, the woodpecker, and work to encourage the ivory-billed woodpecker to come home to Tennessee.
;>
COX MOUND GORGET
The Cox Mound, or Woodpecker, gorget style is a particularly beautiful and enduring symbol of Tennessee's prehistoric inhabitants. A gorget was a pendant, or personal adornment, worn around the neck as a badge of rank or insignia of status and was thought to be symbolic of both earthly and supernatural powers. A variety of gorget styles, or designs, are known. As a class of artistic expression, this type of artifact falls within the Southeastern Ceremonial Complex, formerly known as the Southern Cult.
Just over thirty Cox Mound-style gorgets have been found since the late nineteenth century, primarily from prehistoric Mississippian stone box graves and villages along the lower Tennessee, Cumberland, Duck, Harpeth, and Buffalo Rivers of Middle Tennessee, and the middle Tennessee River valley of northern Alabama. As a result of the frequent mortuary association of Cox Mound gorgets with certain pottery types, namely Matthews Incised, as well as other artifacts, it has been postulated that Cox Mound gorgets date to the period A.D. 1250-1450. One rich grave from the famous burial mound at the Castalian Springs site in Sumner County produced two Cox Mound gorgets.
Typically, Cox Mound gorgets were manufactured on exotic marine shell and were white in color. Other materials, such as black slate in Putnam County and human skull fragments in Hardin County, were used rarely. Engraving the intricate design on the hard shell or slate without metal tools took many hours of skilled labor and is thought to have been a winter activity.
A Cox Mound gorget has three important iconographic elements. In the center is a cross inside a rayed circle or sun motif. The cross is symbolic of the sacred, or council, fire. The sun represents the sky deity and/or mythical ancestors. Surrounding the cross and sun is a scroll-like design element known as the looped square. This feature may represent wind, or possibly the litter on which subordinates carried a chief. Typically the looped square is composed of four lines, but in some cases only three lines are used. Four crested bird heads, which most scholars interpret as woodpeckers, are found on the outer edge. The woodpecker heads always are oriented in a counterclockwise direction, suggestive of the prehistoric Native American swastika.
The woodpecker, like the falcon, was probably a symbol of war to the prehistoric Mississippian Indians. The war symbolism of the bird probably derived from the red head of the bird, which resembled a bloodied scalping victim. The Cherokees associated the red-headed woodpecker with danger and war, and the woodpecker was always invoked for aid by the ball game players. The bird's pecking is similar to an Indian warrior striking the war post at the Victory dance. For the Cherokees, the color red is associated with male attractiveness and fertility, as well as bravery and war. Groups of woodpeckers are thought to be a sign of war to the Creeks and Seminoles. While war is typically associated with males in Native American society, it is important to note that Cox Mound gorgets have been found in both male and female burials.Other interpretations include the identification of the four woodpeckers as the four thunders at the world quarters, and a folklorist has speculated recently that the Cox Mound gorget style is a prehistoric expression of the Yuchi myth of the Winds. Cox Mound gorgets are displayed by the Tennessee State Museum and Pinson Mounds State Archaeological Area.
C. Andrew Buchner, PanAmerican Consultants, Inc.
Suggested Reading(s): C. Andrew Buchner and Mitchell R. Childress, "A Southeastern Ceremonial Complex Gorget from Putnam County, Tennessee," Tennessee Anthropological Association Newsletter 16.6 (1991): 1-4; Madeline Kneberg, "Engraved Shell Gorgets and Their Associations." Tennessee Archaeologist 15.1 (1959): 1-39.
See Also: MISSISSIPPIAN CULTURE; PINSON MOUNDS; PREHISTORIC NATIVE AMERICAN ART; TENNESSEE STATE MUSEUM
lunes, 25 de abril de 2005
now taking nominations
PRESS RELEASE - FOR PUBLIC DISTRIBUTION
The Tennessee Native American Convention (TNNAC) is now taking nominations for the Tennessee Commission of Indian Affairs, the Advisory Council of Tennessee Indian Affairs, TNNAC caucus board members, and Native American Indian represontation on other State commissions and boards.
Applications for nomination can be obtained at www.tnnac.org, along with signature sheets.
The nomination period closes May 28, 2005. Applications and signature sheets must be mailed before this date.
TNNAC is accepting nominations to the Metro area -- Memphis, Nashville, Knoxville, and Chattanooga -- commission seats and Advisory council seats. TNNAC is also accepting nominations to fill the vice chair seats at the seven area caucuses. The term of office will be 4 years from 2005-2009.
Only persons living in the metro county and contiguous counties are able to run for the metro-area Commission of Indian Affairs nominations, and for the Advisory Council positions. TNNAC board member seats are open in all seven area caucuses.
Those wishing to be a Nominee to any position must fill out an application and have at least 21 signatures of registered voters who support their candidacy. (We suggest obtaining at least 30 signatures in case some are not registered voters.) They must have at least 11 signatures of registered voters from inside their caucus area and at least 10 signatures from registered voters in their grand division. If they are applying for Indian Preference, that candidate must provide proof of Native American Indian descent.
The metro areas are defined as the following continguous-counties' areas:
Memphis: includes the counties of Fayette, Shelby and Tipton;
Nashville: Cheatham, Davidson, Robertson, Rutherford, Sumner, Williamson, and Wilson counties;
Knoxville: Anderson, Blount, Grainger, Jefferson, Knox, Loudon, Roane, Sevier, and Union counties; and
Chattanooga: Bledsoe, Bradley, Hamilton, Marion, Meigs, Rhea, and Sequatchie counties.
Anyone in these areas can be nominated for Commission of Indian Affairs and Advisory council if (a) they are a resident of the state of Tennessee, and (b) at least 18 years of age, and (c) fill out the application, (d) submit the appropriate number of signatures, and (e) mail them to TNNAC Secretary Lynn Clayton, 354 Lowrey Road, Medon TN 38356, before May 28, 2005.
Regional caucuses will be held on Saturday, June 25, 2005. At that time those who qualified in the nomination process for Commission of Indian Affairs, the Advisory Council, and the TNNAC board will be voted on. Each area caucus will select up to 4 Commission nominees, 3 Advisory Council members, 1 TNNAC board member and an alternate, and 15 delegates (including 5 alternate delegates) to go to the biennial Convention which will be held on Saturday, September 24, 2005 at Little Cedar Mountain, west of Chattanooga. The convention will decide which of the Commission candidates will be sent to the State for nomination to appointment.
If you have any questions and the web page does not answer them, please contact Vicky Garland via email or 931/ 766-0827.
TENNESSEE NATIVE AMERICAN CONVENTION
Vicky Garland, Public Relations Committee
vlg42@hotmail.com, 931/ 766-0827
John Smith, chairman
Lynn Clayton, secretary-treasurer
The Tennessee Native American Convention (TNNAC) is now taking nominations for the Tennessee Commission of Indian Affairs, the Advisory Council of Tennessee Indian Affairs, TNNAC caucus board members, and Native American Indian represontation on other State commissions and boards.
Applications for nomination can be obtained at www.tnnac.org, along with signature sheets.
The nomination period closes May 28, 2005. Applications and signature sheets must be mailed before this date.
TNNAC is accepting nominations to the Metro area -- Memphis, Nashville, Knoxville, and Chattanooga -- commission seats and Advisory council seats. TNNAC is also accepting nominations to fill the vice chair seats at the seven area caucuses. The term of office will be 4 years from 2005-2009.
Only persons living in the metro county and contiguous counties are able to run for the metro-area Commission of Indian Affairs nominations, and for the Advisory Council positions. TNNAC board member seats are open in all seven area caucuses.
Those wishing to be a Nominee to any position must fill out an application and have at least 21 signatures of registered voters who support their candidacy. (We suggest obtaining at least 30 signatures in case some are not registered voters.) They must have at least 11 signatures of registered voters from inside their caucus area and at least 10 signatures from registered voters in their grand division. If they are applying for Indian Preference, that candidate must provide proof of Native American Indian descent.
The metro areas are defined as the following continguous-counties' areas:
Memphis: includes the counties of Fayette, Shelby and Tipton;
Nashville: Cheatham, Davidson, Robertson, Rutherford, Sumner, Williamson, and Wilson counties;
Knoxville: Anderson, Blount, Grainger, Jefferson, Knox, Loudon, Roane, Sevier, and Union counties; and
Chattanooga: Bledsoe, Bradley, Hamilton, Marion, Meigs, Rhea, and Sequatchie counties.
Anyone in these areas can be nominated for Commission of Indian Affairs and Advisory council if (a) they are a resident of the state of Tennessee, and (b) at least 18 years of age, and (c) fill out the application, (d) submit the appropriate number of signatures, and (e) mail them to TNNAC Secretary Lynn Clayton, 354 Lowrey Road, Medon TN 38356, before May 28, 2005.
Regional caucuses will be held on Saturday, June 25, 2005. At that time those who qualified in the nomination process for Commission of Indian Affairs, the Advisory Council, and the TNNAC board will be voted on. Each area caucus will select up to 4 Commission nominees, 3 Advisory Council members, 1 TNNAC board member and an alternate, and 15 delegates (including 5 alternate delegates) to go to the biennial Convention which will be held on Saturday, September 24, 2005 at Little Cedar Mountain, west of Chattanooga. The convention will decide which of the Commission candidates will be sent to the State for nomination to appointment.
If you have any questions and the web page does not answer them, please contact Vicky Garland via email or 931/ 766-0827.
TENNESSEE NATIVE AMERICAN CONVENTION
Vicky Garland, Public Relations Committee
vlg42@hotmail.com, 931/ 766-0827
John Smith, chairman
Lynn Clayton, secretary-treasurer
domingo, 17 de abril de 2005
self-announced applicants for TNCIA 1.1
self-announced, unconfirmed applicants for the TN Commission of Indian Affairs
for the 2005-2009 metro areas, as of 17 april 2005
Memphis - Ruth Knight Allen, incumbent
Nashville - Niles Aseret
Knoxville -
Chattanooga - John Anderson, incumbent
- David Walker
- Doris Tate Trevino
- tom kunesh
- Alva Crowe
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
self-announced, unconfirmed applicants for the Advisory Council on TN Indian Affairs
for the 2005-2009 metro areas, as of 17 april 2005
Memphis -
Nashville - Joe McCaleb
- Sandi Perry
Knoxville -
Chattanooga - John Anderson
- Doris Tate Trevino
- tom kunesh
it's not known whether or not TNNAC has received all these applications
or if candidates have qualified with supporting signatures.
these are simply people who have said, publicly or privately,
that they intend to run. i presume that individuals can
withdraw at any time so this listing is simply an early and
wholly unofficial report for informational purposes only.
applications are available at www.tnnac.org/applicants.html
saturday, 25 june - Caucuses
for the 2005-2009 metro areas, as of 17 april 2005
Memphis - Ruth Knight Allen, incumbent
Nashville - Niles Aseret
Knoxville -
Chattanooga - John Anderson, incumbent
- David Walker
- Doris Tate Trevino
- tom kunesh
- Alva Crowe
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
self-announced, unconfirmed applicants for the Advisory Council on TN Indian Affairs
for the 2005-2009 metro areas, as of 17 april 2005
Memphis -
Nashville - Joe McCaleb
- Sandi Perry
Knoxville -
Chattanooga - John Anderson
- Doris Tate Trevino
- tom kunesh
it's not known whether or not TNNAC has received all these applications
or if candidates have qualified with supporting signatures.
these are simply people who have said, publicly or privately,
that they intend to run. i presume that individuals can
withdraw at any time so this listing is simply an early and
wholly unofficial report for informational purposes only.
applications are available at www.tnnac.org/applicants.html
saturday, 25 june - Caucuses
sábado, 16 de abril de 2005
MB physical prayer day
had a great day out on Moccasin Bend this past saturday morning, checking to see how much work needs to be done to keep it cleaned up. the sparseness of rain this year (compared with the floods of last year) have kept the grass down but the privet continues creeping in undaunted.
we met 3 guys taking "additional GPS measurements" (AGM) along the riverbank, gridding out the shoreline more precisely for the Army Corps of Engineers to plan their riverbank stabilization before it loses another 30 feet of trees.
a MB work/physicalprayer day is scheduled for sunday, 1 may, 9am (eastern).
all are invited. bring gloves, swing-blades, clippers, water,
weed-eaters, chain-saws, water, snacks, sage, tobacco, etc.
starting at 8.30 we'll meet at the tree-line
right before the Winston Building.
for directions or more info contact
Cleata Townsend at (423) 698-2804
or Sandy Goins (sundance1877-at-yahoo.com)
be advised, there are many burials in the area.
this is also a good time to acquiant yourself with Tennessee's cemetery laws, specifically the laws governing abandoned cemeteries and their "termination". while this area is now federal property protected by federal laws like NAGPRA, ARPA and the NHPA, other Native American burial sites that aren't on federal land don't have this protection and thus are under constant threat of "termination" if found "in a neglected or abandoned condition".
;>
we met 3 guys taking "additional GPS measurements" (AGM) along the riverbank, gridding out the shoreline more precisely for the Army Corps of Engineers to plan their riverbank stabilization before it loses another 30 feet of trees.
a MB work/physicalprayer day is scheduled for sunday, 1 may, 9am (eastern).
all are invited. bring gloves, swing-blades, clippers, water,
weed-eaters, chain-saws, water, snacks, sage, tobacco, etc.
starting at 8.30 we'll meet at the tree-line
right before the Winston Building.
for directions or more info contact
Cleata Townsend at (423) 698-2804
or Sandy Goins (sundance1877-at-yahoo.com)
be advised, there are many burials in the area.
this is also a good time to acquiant yourself with Tennessee's cemetery laws, specifically the laws governing abandoned cemeteries and their "termination". while this area is now federal property protected by federal laws like NAGPRA, ARPA and the NHPA, other Native American burial sites that aren't on federal land don't have this protection and thus are under constant threat of "termination" if found "in a neglected or abandoned condition".
;>
viernes, 15 de abril de 2005
self-announced applicants for TNCIA
self-announced applicants for the TN Commission of Indian Affairs
for the 2005-2009 metro areas, as of 15 april 2005
Memphis - Ruth Knight Allen, incumbent
Nashville -
Knoxville -
Chattanooga - John Anderson, incumbent
- David Walker
- Doris Tate Trevino
- tom kunesh
- Alva Crowe
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
it's not known whether or not TNNAC has received all these applications
or if candidates have qualified with supporting signatures.
these are simply people who have said, publicly or privately,
that they intend to run. i presume that individuals can
withdraw at any time so this listing is simply an early and
wholly unofficial report for informational purposes only.
applications are available at www.tnnac.org/applicants.html
saturday, 25 june - Caucuses
for the 2005-2009 metro areas, as of 15 april 2005
Memphis - Ruth Knight Allen, incumbent
Nashville -
Knoxville -
Chattanooga - John Anderson, incumbent
- David Walker
- Doris Tate Trevino
- tom kunesh
- Alva Crowe
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
it's not known whether or not TNNAC has received all these applications
or if candidates have qualified with supporting signatures.
these are simply people who have said, publicly or privately,
that they intend to run. i presume that individuals can
withdraw at any time so this listing is simply an early and
wholly unofficial report for informational purposes only.
applications are available at www.tnnac.org/applicants.html
saturday, 25 june - Caucuses
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